求英文高手帮忙翻译金融类毕业论文的摘要！万分感谢！

1. 求英文高手帮忙翻译金融类毕业论文的摘要！万分感谢！

中国社会科学院院报 陈佳贵 黄群慧
    从经济发展角度看，长期以来我国的基本国情一直是农业大国。但是，在经过几十年的建设特别是改革开放20余年高速工业化进程以后，到20世纪末21世纪初，我国已经成为名副其实的工业大国。

     一、各种证据表明，我国的基本经济国情已经从农业大国转为工业大国

     第＿，我国形成了庞大的工业生产能力，工业主要产品产量居世界前列。迄今为止，我国已经在能源、冶金、化工、建材、机械设备和通讯设备制造、交通运输设备制造及各种消费品等工业主要领域，形成了庞大的生产能力。我国主要工业产品，如煤炭、钢铁、发电、原油、水泥、化肥、化学纤维、棉布、糖和电视机等，其产量已经居世界前列.其中，2000年化学纤维产量居世界第2位；2002年，煤炭、钢铁、水泥、化肥、棉布和电视机产量居世界首位、发电量居世界第2位、糖产量居世界第3位、原油产量居世界第5位。目前，我国工业产值和增加值总量，仅低于美国、日本和德国。考虑到工业技术水平等因素，虽然我国还够不上真正意义的“世界工厂”，但从工业产品生产数量看，毋庸置疑，我国已经是一个工业大国。

     第二，工业经济在整个国民经济中已占主体地位。1952年，第﹁产业（农、林、牧、渔）在国内生产总值中的比重为50.5%，在国民经济中占主体地位，到1980年下降为30.1%，2003年进一步下降到14.6%。与此对应，1952年第二产业（工业和建筑业）在国内生产总值中的比重为20.9%，到1980年上升为44.2%；2003年，第二产业生产总值达到61274.1亿元，占国内生产总值的52.2%，其中工业生产总值53092.9亿元，占国内生产总值的45.2%。按照每天创造的财富计算，2003年工业为145.5亿元，为第一产业46.8亿元的3.1倍，为第三产业106.5亿元的1.4倍。这表明，经过50余年工业化进程，尤其是改革开放以来20余年高速工业化进程，现在在我国国内生产总值构成中，工业几乎占有半壁江山，我国国民财富的主要来源是工业，国民经济结构已经实现从农业经济为主体到工业经济为主体的转变。虽然从人口的城乡比例看，我国仍是一个农业人口大国，2003年乡村人口和城镇人口比例为59.5∶40.4，但如果与1978年该比例为82.1∶17.9相比，考虑到现在12.8亿的总人口，应该说，这25年城乡人口比例的巨大的“量”的变化，已经能够反映出工业经济主导的社会经济结构的“质”的变化。

     第三，我国已经成为工业对外贸易大国，在出口商品总额中，工业制成品出口占绝大部分，工业品国际竞争力得到显著提高。1980年，我国进出口总额仅为570.0亿元人民币，贸易依存度为12.6%。到2002年，我国进出口总额已经达到51378.2亿元人民币，贸易依存度为50.8%；我国进出口贸易总额占世界进出口贸易总额的4.7%，跃居世界第6位。2003年，我国进出口总额升至70483.5亿人民币，贸易依存度约为60.1%；我国进出口贸易总额占世界进出口贸易总额的5.6%，位居世界第4位，仅排在美国、德国和日本之后。2004年前11个月，我国外贸进出口总额达10383.8亿美元，同比增长36.5%，进口、出口总额分别跃过5000亿美元关口，累计实现贸易顺差204.8亿美元，全年外贸进出口总额将达到1.1万亿美元，位居世界第3位。这些数据表明，中国已经是一个对外贸易大国。在对外贸易规模扩大的同时，我国贸易结构也发生了巨大的变化。在1980年，我国出口商品中，初级产品出口额占出口商品总额的50.3%，工业制成品出口额占出口总额的49.7%。而到2000年以后，工业制成品的该项比例上升到90%以上，2001、2002、2003三年的数据分别为90.1%、91.2%、92.1%；初级产品的该项比例则相应下降到10%以下。不仅如此，工业品国际竞争力也得到显著改善和提高，自1994年以后，中国工业制成品的贸易竞争指数一直为正，1995~2003年中国工业制成品的贸易竞争指数分别为0.08、0.06、0.16、0.16、0.11、0.11、0.10、0.09、0.09，而初级产品的贸易竞争指数自1995年一直为负。

     第四，中国工业化进程已经到中期阶段，基本完成了工业数量扩张的任务，不仅彻底结束了利用工农产品“剪刀差”来支持工业发展的局面，而且国家开始利用工商业发展来“反哺”农业。根据钱纳里等关于经济发展阶段的6个变动时期的划分，我国多数学者实证研究表明，中国工业化的进程总体上属于工业化中期阶段。对于中国这样一个具有13亿人口的大国而言，进入工业化中期，意味着已经具有了庞大的工业总量。而工业生产技术特别是加工工艺的广泛扩散，企业间价格竞争日趋激烈，利润日趋平均化，产业集中化步伐加快，这些现象也表明中国工业发展已经完成了数量扩张，开始呈现出工业化中后期所具有的提升工业增长质量的特征。社会主义国家工业化初期利用工农产品“剪刀差”支持工业快速发展的局面已经结束，国家财政用于补贴农业、解决“三农”问题的支出逐年增多。2000年，国家来自工商业的税收10366.09亿元，占全部税收的82.3%；农业税收465.31亿元，只占全部税收的3.70%；而同期国家财政用于农业的支出为1231.54亿元。2001、2002、2003年，国家来自农业的各项税收分别为481.70亿元、717.85亿元和871.77亿元，而用于农业的支出分别为1456.73亿元、1580.76亿元和1754.45亿元。2004年，国家在吉林、黑龙江两个粮食主产省先行免征农业税改革试点，河北、内蒙古、辽宁、江苏、安徽、江西、山东、河南、湖北、湖南、四川11个粮食主产省(自治区)农业税税率降低了3个百分点，河南、江苏、宁夏等地已经宣布2005年取消农业税。按照我国税收制度改革计划，在未来5年内全国各地都将先后取消农业税。

     二、认识到我国是一个工业大国这个基本经济国情，对于制订经济现代化战略和政策、进一步推进我国现代化的整体进程具有重要意义

     我国从农业大国向工业大国的基本国情变化表明，我国经济现代化进程进入了一个新的阶段。根据现有的大国的经济现代化经验，与三次产业结构演变规律相适应，可以将现代化进程划分为从农业大国到工业大国、工业大国到工业强国、工业强国到服务业大国三个阶段，这大致应该对应工业化初中期、工业化中后期和后工业化社会三个时期。对我国成为工业大国这个基本经济国情的判断，意味着我国经济现代化进程步入了第二阶段，我国应该根据这个阶段的主要特征制定科学的经济发展战略和政策。

     第一，实现由工业大国向工业强国的转变、推进工业现代化进程是这个阶段的核心任务。我国已成为工业大国，但还不是工业强国。在当今世界格局下，象我们这样一个人口众多的社会主义国家要实现现代化，仅仅成为工业大国是不够的，必须能够成为一个工业强国。这个由工业大国向工业强国转变的过程实质就是推进工业现代化过程。工业是国民经济的主导力量，工业现代化是国民经济现代化的“发动机”。现阶段我国工业总量的庞大并不能掩盖工业素质较低、工业现代化水平有待提高的问题。无论是具有国际竞争力的大型工业企业相对缺乏，还是我国工业生产技术水平和研究开发能力与世界先进水平存在较大差距，以及在出口产品构成中附加值高的技术密集型产品出口比例小，整体工业劳动生产率低，等等，都表明了这一点。而且，推进工业现代化进程不仅仅是工业自身发展到一定阶段的必然要求，对于我国这样一个人均占有资源很少的人口大国，这也适应了工业化中期阶段以后必然要走的科技含量高、资源消耗低、环境污染少的新型工业化道路的要求。

     第二，该阶段农业的发展和现代化依赖于工业积累支持和现代化工业的推动。尽管我国经济体制改革最早从农业开始，并且取得了举世瞩目的成就，但是，目前我国农产品的国际竞争力并不高，近10年贸易竞争指数一直小于零。面对“入世”后国际市场的激烈竞争，今后农业的发展离不开工业积累的支持和现代工业技术的推动。从国际经验看，工业发达国家普遍实行通过工业积累来支持农业的政策，对农产品施行价格补贴、提供信息、发放贷款、关税保护、出口补贴等各种扶持措施。随着我国工业日益强大，必然要逐步加大工业对农业的支持力度。

     第三，在该阶段第三产业将加速发展，成为吸收农业剩余劳动力主要渠道，同时也为进入新的现代化阶段奠定基础。在实现由工业大国向工业强国的转变、推进工业现代化进程中，我国工业发展的重点将由数量扩张向质量提升转移，第二产业吸收农村剩余劳动力速度将大幅度下降。在我国第一产业从业人员还占全部从业人员将近一半的情况下，农业剩余劳动力的转移主要依靠第三产业的快速发展。不仅如此，随着工业现代化水平的提高，工业劳动生产率必将得到大幅度的提升，工业也会产生富裕劳动力问题，第三产业的发展还将承担吸收第二产业剩余劳动力的功能。实际上，这些年第三产业在我国国有企业下岗职工再就业中已经发挥了关键作用。未来，第三产业将得到更大的发展，成为扩大就业的主渠道。不仅如此，只有第三产业得到快速发展，才有可能将现代化进程推进第三阶段———由工业强国到服务业大国。      望采纳!

2. 求英语大神翻译论文英语摘要

Climate warming has become one of the most pay attention to the environmental problems of the contemporary human, increased levels of carbon dioxide in the air and life in the industrial emissions of carbon dioxide and global climate warming has a connection to a certain extent. According to the currentsocial situation, the development of low carbon economy is the trend of The Times.
In this paper, combined with China's low carbon economy development present situation and the characteristics of economic development in henan province, analysis of the development of low carbon economy at home and abroad, at the same time are analyzed in detail the concept of "low-carbon economy", this paper expounds the necessity and the objective inevitability of low carbon economy development in henan province, and puts forward countermeasures and Suggestions in the low carbon economy development of henan province.
This paper is divided into the following six parts:
The introduction mainly wrote a low carbon economy development background and research significance, clarify the causes of low carbon economy development in henan province, the research of low carbon economy development present situation at home and abroad are summarized, and the research contents and methods of this paper for the integrity of the self evaluation. The first chapter expounds the "low carbon economy" concept andconnotation of the term, and the corresponding theoretical basis hasmade the detailed analysis, including environmental kuznets theory,sustainable development theory, the decoupling development theory, ecological theory, laid a theoretical foundation for the next study. The second chapter analyzes the practical significance of low carbon economy development, tells the story of a low carbon economy development and implementation for the economic development of henan province is a very important step. The third chapter earnestly analyzed the current situation of the development of low carbon economy in henan province, start from the energy structure and energy consumption of the province, calculation and analysis of carbon emissions and its influencing factors, provide the theoretical basis for development countermeasures. The fourth chapter according to the current situation of the development of low carbon economy in henan province, compared with the advancedlevel at home and abroad to find their own gap, careful analysis causes the lesson in order to progress. The fifth chapter combines the result of the above analysis and advanced experience both at home andabroad, combined with the economic development in henan province, the feasible countermeasures and Suggestions are put forward.

3. 求英语大神翻译论文摘要

Studies On the Rights, Obligations and  Securities of our lawyers.

 China's judicial work has many problems for a long time, the protection of the rights  and  obligations of lawyers is one of them.  China's implementation of the New Lawyers Law in 2008 and the implementation of the new criminal procedure law in 2013 to perfect the law system ,but the long ingrained situation hasn't  eradicated.
As the saying goes: "on have policy, there is countermeasure", to  improve our legal system,public security organs should establish a sense of fairness to implement the law,lawyers should strengthen their own  personal occupation  integrity and awareness of rights,both parties shall abide by the law, hand in hand, rather than a way of law-abiding.
Based on  the situation  of China's lawyer system, referring to foreign experiences, to analyse the lawyers‘ difficulties in current systems, and put forward some suggestions.

The lawyer system ;Rights and obligations;difficult position;Protection of rights

4. 求英文高手翻译论文摘要

" Qula" is the cottage cheese. Is herdsman to yak milk after degreasing, natural fermentation which casein condensation drying. Its composition is mainly casein casein, the presence of dissolved in high viscosity, color yellow, dull, strong rancid smell and other defects.In this experiment, physical adsorption and chemical method cleaning method for deodorizing effect of fat, and the immersion and under different conditions of Qula dissolution rate and color protection of single factor experiment.First of all the material composition analysis, mainly on the cheese protein, moisture, ash, fat, lactose determination.Discuss the adsorption deodorization effect, the results showed that the physical adsorption method can not completely remove the odor in the cheese, and not simply the removal of odor sources.Compares the different time, different raw materials immersion temperature, feed concentration, lactose, protein content, ash content, experimental results show that the optimum soaking time, Qula9h, temperature 45 ℃, concentration of feed liquid8%.Immersion after completion of washing times to2 times.Raw materials are respectively in different pH, temperature, different time response, the experimental results show, at pH10.5,55℃ for 50min, the highest yield of raw materials.In order to make the finished color standard, test in the use of antioxidants, finally determined using0.2% L- cysteine hydrochloride to prevent browning color protection.Finally dissolved in hydrochloric acid in feed solution casein precipitation, determination of pH3.8.Based on the technology of preparing casein Qula, ultimately determine the conditions: Qula concentration8%, at 45 ℃for 9h after washing2 times, at pH10.5,55℃ for 50min,5000r/min centrifugal impurity removing fat with hydrochloric acid, to pH3.8, a blast drying oven drying.

5. 求英语高手翻译论文摘要

随着社会的发展进步，企业的规模越来越大，管理上的复杂与混乱成为了企业发展所面临的重大问题，所以通过计算机来进行企业信息的管理成为了新的企业管理途径。
Along with progress of society, a company's scope is expanding, then complexity and disorder in the company's management becomes its most serious problem, so managing a company's information through computers becomes a new method in this field.

    葡萄酒销售管理系统是一个对葡萄酒销售信息化的重要组成部分，
Marketing management system of wine industry is an important part of wine's marketing informatization.
葡萄酒销售管理系统不但能够方便能够方便快捷、准确无误的对葡萄酒公司的进货，销售，入库等多项工作流程进行记录，减轻了员工工作量，提高了工作效率；使原来需要多人完成的工作现在只需一人即可完成，节省了大量的人力物力。
The marketing management system of wine smooths record process of wine's buying, selling and storage, relieves employees' task burden, raises their work efficiency, saves numerous human and material resources.
同时也使得管理人员可以很清晰的了解和掌握葡萄酒公司的库存，产品销售统计、产品入库统计、库存统计等多项信息。

At the same time, makes managements clarified many information such as the number of wine's storage, selling, and production.
	本次毕业设计根据实际需求，采用了模块化的设计思想，在Windows XP操作系统环境下，通过ASP和SQL SERVER 2000来开发一个简单的葡萄酒销售管理系统，通过使用JavaScript脚本语言完成动态的、交互的web服务器应用程序和数据库的连接存储来实现包括葡萄酒入库、葡萄酒销售查询、产品库存统计等等葡萄酒销售管理系统的主要功能。
	On the basis of actually needs, this paper adopted modularity designing, developed a simple wine's marketing management system by ASP and SQL SERVER 2000, when in Windows XP. Aimed to realize principle functions like information management of wine's buying, selling and storage by a dynamic and interactive combination between a web server programme and data base.

6. 急求毕业论文 英文摘要翻译！帮帮忙啊 追加分！

Capital structure is the value of an enterprise various capital structure and scale, involving a listed company profits and risks of business finance, directly affects its comprehensive performance. With China's listed companies in China has increasingly become an important economic indispensable part of the listed company, and the growing number of influential in national economy expands, capital structure of listed companies discussed, is not only beneficial to the condition of enterprise's value maximization, but also to the entire national economy sustainable development of exploration may also further get deepened. This paper Outlines the capital structure, according to the related theory of listed companies in China capital structure has the asset-liability ratio is low, liabilities structure unreasonable, equity financing preference, analyzes the status of Chinese listed company capital structure reasons, and on this basis. Proposes the capital structure of the Chinese listed company countermeasures and Suggestions.

Keywords: capital structure; Financing order; The listed company;

7. 求论文英文摘要翻译！

Topic: OpenGL basic knowledge and texture
Abstract: OpenGL is defined as "a software interface of graphics hardware". In essence, it is a 3D graphics and model base, have a high degree of portability, and has a very fast speed. The use of OpenGL, 3D images to create elegant and beautiful, and has a very good visual quality. In the application of 3D in the market, in addition to the rendering of point, line and triangle, the surface color by calculating the color value, through the interpolation operation to simulate the lighting effect, in order to achieve more realistic effects, there is a shortcut, is texture mapping (texture mapping), a small amount of texture files can increase effect exciting for 3D rendering.

8. 请帮忙 翻译 论文摘要 最好经济类专业的英语达人来啊 不要软件翻的

The twenty-first century is the era of knowledge economy, knowledge will become the core elements of production, however, to grasp the knowledge of the ultimate knowledge-based economy is the business of manpower, the knowledge is converted into the ultimate productivity of people, talent is the economic activity the most active factor . As a knowledge tableIs not only a form of human resources to promote the survival and development of the basic factors, but also the dominant factor promoting the development of productive forces. Therefore, the enterprise managers, investors, creditors, the relevant government departments and other urgent need for human resource accounting information as a means to make scientific decisions.Human Resource Accounting is the accounting management of human resources management and product of the combination. It uses accounting methods, a comprehensive system to reflect the enterprise has a measurement of human resources, thereby contributing to the level of Human Resource Management\u0026#39;s Tigao, to achieve qualitative management to quantitative management ZhuanbianThis article discusses the concept of human resource accounting, human resources, accounting and introduced compared to the traditional accounting of some notable features, combined with China\u0026#39;s actual conditions in China demonstrated the need for the establishment of human resource accounting; then discusses the human resources to has become an asset of enterprises, To become a corporate asset which must have the conditions; and then explain the cost and value of human resource accounting measurement methods, the cost of measurement methods specific historical cost, replacement cost, opportunity cost,, While the value of measurement methods include measurement of monetary and non-monetary measures two forms, pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of various measurement methods; then discusses the accounting of human resources should be additional accounting courses,, Introduced by case specific accounts of human resource accounting approach; last set of human resources principles of accounting information and accounting statements, notes on accounting disclosure practices.





 Key words: Knowledge of human resource accounting




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