求一篇英文文章，关于商业银行的就可以，字数最好是翻译成中文有4000+的字数，急求，谢谢了！

1. 求一篇英文文章，关于商业银行的就可以，字数最好是翻译成中文有4000+的字数，急求，谢谢了！

A commercial bank (or business bank ) is a type of financial institution and intermediary . It is a bank that provides transactional , savings, and money market accounts and that accepts time deposits . [ 1 ]
Contents

    1 Origin of the word
    2 The role of commercial banks
    3 Types of loans granted by commercial banks
    4 Secured loan
        4.1 Mortgage loan 
    5 Unsecured loan
    6 References
    7 Further reading 

Origin of the word

The name bank derives from the Italian word banco "desk/bench", used during the Renaissance era by Florentine bankers, who used to make their transactions above a desk covered by a green tablecloth. [ 2 ] However, traces of banking activity can be found even in ancient times.

In fact, the word traces its origins back to the Ancient Roman Empire, where moneylenders would set up their stalls in the middle of enclosed courtyards called macella on a long bench called a bancu , from which the words banco and bank are derived. As a moneychanger, the merchant at the bancu did not so much invest money as merely convert the foreign currency into the only legal tender in Rome – that of the Imperial Mint. [ 3 ]
The role of commercial banks

Commercial banks engage in the following activities:

    processing of payments by way of telegraphic transfer, EFTPOS, internet banking, or other means
    issuing bank drafts and bank cheques
    accepting money on term deposit
    lending money by overdraft, installment loan, or other means
    providing documentary and standby letter of credit , guarantees, performance bonds, securities underwriting commitments and other forms of off balance sheet exposures
    safekeeping of documents and other items in safe deposit boxes
    sales, distribution or brokerage, with or without advice, of: insurance, unit trusts and similar financial products as a “financial supermarket”
    cash management and treasury
    merchant banking and private equity financing
    traditionally, large commercial banks also underwrite bonds, and make markets in currency, interest rates, and credit-related securities, but today large commercial banks usually have an investment bank arm that is involved in the mentioned activities [ clarify ] . 

Types of loans granted by commercial banks
Secured loan

A secured loan is a loan in which the borrower pledges some asset (eg a car or property) as collateral for the loan, which then becomes a secured debt owed to the creditor who gives the loan. The debt is thus secured against the collateral — in the event that the borrower defaults, the creditor takes possession of the asset used as collateral and may sell it to regain some or all of the amount originally lent to the borrower, for example, foreclosure of a home. From the creditor's perspective this is a category of debt in which a lender has been granted a portion of the bundle of rights to specified property. If the sale of the collateral does not raise enough money to pay off the debt, the creditor can often obtain a deficiency judgment against the borrower for the remaining amount. The opposite of secured debt/loan is unsecured debt, which is not connected to any specific piece of property and instead the creditor may only satisfy the debt against the borrower rather than the borrower's collateral and the borrower.
Mortgage loan

A mortgage loan is a very common type of debt instrument, used to purchase real estate. Under this arrangement, the money is used to purchase the property. Commercial banks, however, are given security - a lien on the title to the house - until the mortgage is paid off in full. If the borrower defaults on the loan, the bank would have the legal right to repossess the house and sell it, to recover sums owing to it.

In the past, commercial banks have not been greatly interested in real estate loans and have placed only a relatively small percentage of assets in mortgages. As their name implies, such financial institutions secured their earning primarily from commercial and consumer loans and left the major task of home financing to others. However, due to changes in banking laws and policies, commercial banks are increasingly active in home financing.

Changes in banking laws now allow commercial banks to make home mortgage loans on a more liberal basis than ever before. In acquiring mortgages on real estate, these institutions follow two main practices. First, some of the banks maintain active and well-organized departments whose primary function is to compete actively for real estate loans. In areas lacking specialized real estate financial institutions, these banks become the source for residential and farm mortgage loans. Second, the banks acquire mortgages by simply purchasing them from mortgage bankers or dealers.

In addition, dealer service companies, which were originally used to obtain car loans for permanent lenders such as commercial banks, wanted to broaden their activity beyond their local area. In recent years, however, such companies have concentrated on acquiring mobile home loans in volume for both commercial banks and savings and loan associations. Service companies obtain these loans from retail dealers, usually on a nonrecourse basis. Almost all bank/service company agreements contain a credit insurance policy that protects the lender if the consumer defaults.
Unsecured loan

[Unsecured Loans] are monetary loans that are not secured against the borrower's assets (ie, no collateral is involved). These may be available from financial institutions under many different guises or marketing packages:

    bank overdrafts 

An overdraft occurs when money is withdrawn from a bank account and the available balance goes below zero. In this situation the account is said to be "overdrawn". If there is a prior agreement with the account provider for an overdraft, and the amount overdrawn is within the authorized overdraft limit, then interest is normally charged at the agreed rate. If the POSITIVE balance exceeds the agreed terms, then additional fees may be charged and higher interest rates may apply.

    corporate bonds
    credit card debt
    credit facilities or lines of credit
    personal loans 

What makes a bank limited liability company

A corporate bond is a bond issued by a corporation. It is a bond that a corporation issues to raise money in order to expand its business.[1] The term is usually applied to longer-term debt instruments, generally with a maturity date falling at least a year after their issue date. (The term "commercial paper" is sometimes used for instruments with a shorter maturity.) Sometimes, the term "corporate bonds" is used to include all bonds except those issued by governments in their own currencies. Strictly speaking, however, it only applies to those issued by corporations. The bonds of local authorities and supranational organizations do not fit in either category.[clarification needed] Corporate bonds are often listed on major exchanges (bonds there are called "listed" bonds) and ECNs like Bonds.com and MarketAxess, and the coupon (ie interest payment) is usually taxable. Sometimes this coupon can be zero with a high redemption value. However, despite being listed on exchanges, the vast majority of trading volume in corporate bonds in most developed markets takes place in decentralized, dealer-based, over-the-counter markets. Some corporate bonds have an embedded call option that allows the issuer to redeem the debt before its maturity date. Other bonds, known as convertible bonds, allow investors to convert the bond into equity. Corporate Credit spreads may alternatively be earned in exchange for default risk through the mechanism of Credit Default Swaps which give an unfunded synthetic exposure to similar risks on the same 'Reference Entities'. However, owing to quite volatile CDS 'basis' the spreads on CDS and the credit spreads on corporate bonds can be significantly different.

    Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks in the United States
    Glass-Steagall Act
    Mortgage constant

2. 跪求一篇有关商业银行的英语文献及其翻译，翻译成中文三千字的样子，邮箱：zehaimengxiaoed14@163.com

安妮女王式建筑
令人费解的安妮女王式建筑，喻指流行于19世纪八九十年代的美国建筑风格。实际而言，这个称号，仅仅是一个历史的巧合：它源自于当时维多利亚时代的英国一位时髦的建筑师，而其的命名显然仅仅是出于这个称号读起来好听。安妮女王式建筑基于始建于1702年之前的中世纪建筑风格，而安妮女王时代正始于1702年。
安妮女王式建筑，最独特的风格之一便是其另类的屋顶风格—先是陡然倾斜，中心部位的斜脊，其前端和侧面突出了相对低矮的三角墙。相隔几个街区亦可能看到这些具有独特风格的屋顶。其另一个特征体现在木屋侧面让人浮想联翩的装饰图案上，这些图案有扇形的、弧形的、方块形的以及条形的. 这类建筑往往是不对称的。闭上眼睛，想象将其沿中间切开，你会发现，从地面到屋顶，左右两侧极其的不对称。最后一个特征是引人注目的环形门廊，从正门向房子的左右两侧延伸。
20世纪，随着人们越来越青睐于现代草原式和工匠式的建筑风格，安妮式风格不再流行。
然而，在今天，这一风格却成为了历史著名的象征，时有热衷于老式风格的人对其小心的修缮，时有建筑工人对其进行重建，但也是很好的保留了100年前曾风靡一时的建筑风格和样式。